Wat nu steeds meer gebeurt is dat we deze subtiel werkende planten, sterker en direct willen laten werken en dus geconcentreerde preparaten maken, waardoor ze wel sneller effect hebben maar ook meer bijwerkingen krijgen.
Veel bijwerkingen die beschreven worden zijn ook louter theoretisch, hop bijvoorbeeld is een sedativum en dus gaat men er theoretisch vanuit dat een plant met die kalmerende werking beter niet bij depressies gebruikt kan worden. Of hop heeft een oestrogene werking en omdat (synthetische) oestrogenen mede borstkanker kunnen veroorzaken, kunnen we beter ook geen hop gebruiken. Dit zijn in feite puur theoretische modellen. Redeneringen die logisch lijken maar in de praktijk niet kloppen.
Bijvoorbeeld van hop is juist ook bekend dat het kankerwerend kan werken en dat de bitterstoffen die ook in hop aanwezig zijn, toniserend, versterkend kunnen zijn, wat juist bij depressies nuttig kan zijn.
Cruciaal is dat we juist geen geconcentreerde extracten gebruiken, die zijn niet alleen te hoog gedoseerd maar verstoren ook het evenwicht tussen de verschillende inhoudsstoffen.
The endocrine properties of hops are due to the high estrogenic activity of the prenylated flavonoid 8-prenylnaringenin.4 Other prenylated flavonoids, including isoxanthohumol and xanthohumol, have exhibited high chemopreventive, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic effects in human cancer cell lines.5
4. Milligan SR, Kalita JC, Pocock V, et al. Theendocrine activities of 8-prenylnaringenin andrelated hop (Humulus lupulus L.) flavonoids. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4912-4915.
5. Henderson MC, Miranda CL, Stevens JF, et al.In vitro inhibition of human P450 enzymes by prenylated flavonoids from hops, Humulus lupulus. Xenobiotica 2000;30:235-251.
A particularly significant study done by Zanoli focused on the use of hops with a CO2 extract and “single fractions c ontainingα-acids and β-acids”. This CO2 extract displayed remarkable “pentobarbital” sleep-enhancing effect. However, the test showed a striking result in which the hops extract producedan antidepressant-like effect. They further studied andconcluded that the α-acids were producing these pentobarbital effects coupled with the antidepressant activity found after the administration of the drug. Zanoli, P., & Zavatti, M. (2008). Pharmacognostic and pharmacological profile of H. lupulus L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 116, 383-396.
The same group later demonstrated that humulone was active in blocking tumor promotion in the classical two-stage model of carcinogenesis. 31 Several different hops prenylflavonoids demonstrated antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects in breast, colon, and ovarian human cancer cell lines. 32 8-prenylnaringenin was shown to upregulate the cadherin and catenin genes in human breast cancer cells. 33 A comprehensive evaluation of xanthohumol as a cancer chemopreventative agent found that it warented clinical investigation because it had distinct activities at the initiation, promotion, and progression stages of carcinogenesis. 3431. Yasukawa K, Takeuchi M, Takido M. Humulon, a bitter in the hop, inhibits tumor promotion by 12-O- tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Oncology . 1995;52:156-158.
A particularly significant study done by Zanoli focused on the use of hops with a CO2 extract and “single fractions c ontainingα-acids and β-acids”. This CO2 extract displayed remarkable “pentobarbital” sleep-enhancing effect. However, the test showed a striking result in which the hops extract producedan antidepressant-like effect. They further studied andconcluded that the α-acids were producing these pentobarbital effects coupled with the antidepressant activity found after the administration of the drug. Zanoli, P., & Zavatti, M. (2008). Pharmacognostic and pharmacological profile of H. lupulus L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 116, 383-396.
The same group later demonstrated that humulone was active in blocking tumor promotion in the classical two-stage model of carcinogenesis. 31 Several different hops prenylflavonoids demonstrated antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects in breast, colon, and ovarian human cancer cell lines. 32 8-prenylnaringenin was shown to upregulate the cadherin and catenin genes in human breast cancer cells. 33 A comprehensive evaluation of xanthohumol as a cancer chemopreventative agent found that it warented clinical investigation because it had distinct activities at the initiation, promotion, and progression stages of carcinogenesis. 3431. Yasukawa K, Takeuchi M, Takido M. Humulon, a bitter in the hop, inhibits tumor promotion by 12-O- tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Oncology . 1995;52:156-158.
32. Miranda CL, Stevens JF, Helmrich A, et al. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of prenylated flavonoids from hops ( Humulus lupulus ) in human cancer cell lines. Food Chem Toxicol . 1999;37:271-285.
33. Rong H, Boterberg T, Maubach J, et al. 8-Prenylnaringenin, the phytoestrogen in hops and beer, upregulates the function of the E-cadherin/catenin complex in human mammary carcinoma cells. Eur J Cell Biol . 2001;80:580-585.
33. Rong H, Boterberg T, Maubach J, et al. 8-Prenylnaringenin, the phytoestrogen in hops and beer, upregulates the function of the E-cadherin/catenin complex in human mammary carcinoma cells. Eur J Cell Biol . 2001;80:580-585.
34. Gerhauser C, Alt A, Heiss E, et al. Cancer chemopreventive activity of xanthohumol, a natural product derived from hop. Mol Cancer Ther . 2002;1:959-969.